The Democratic Memory Law, enacted in October 2022, provides a new path for descendants of Spaniards exiled during the Spanish Civil War and Franco’s dictatorship to obtain Spanish nationality. This law aims to recognize and redress those who were forced to leave Spain for political, ideological, or personal reasons. For Colombians with Spanish ancestry, this presents a unique opportunity to reconnect with their roots and gain European citizenship.
Who Can Apply for Spanish Nationality Under This Law?
The law establishes specific categories of eligibility: • Descendants of exiled Spaniards: Children, grandchildren, and great-grandchildren of individuals exiled between 1936 and 1955 who lost or renounced their Spanish nationality. • Children of Spanish women who lost their nationality due to marriage to a foreigner before the 1978 Constitution was enacted. • Individuals who, upon reaching legal adulthood, opted for another nationality due to their parents' decision. Applicants must prove their direct family connection with the exiled Spanish citizen using official documents.
Required Documents and Eligibility Criteria
To apply for Spanish nationality, you must present the following: • Literal Birth Certificate of the Applicant: Apostilled and, if necessary, translated into Spanish. • Birth Certificate of the Spanish Ancestor: Proof of original Spanish nationality. • Documents Proving Exile Status: This may include refugee registration records, consular registration, or old passports showing entry stamps to the host country. • Marriage Certificate (if applicable): Required for cases based on maternal lineage. • Formal Declaration of Intent to Obtain Spanish Nationality. Each Spanish Consulate may have specific document requirements, so checking their official site is recommended.
Application Process
The general application process includes the following steps:
- Gather all required documents.
- Submit the application at the corresponding Spanish Consulate or Civil Registry in Spain.
- Await official review and processing. The timeline varies but usually takes several months.
- Swear allegiance to the Spanish Constitution and King.
- Register in the Spanish Civil Registry.
Deadline for Applications
Initially, the law set a two-year period from its enactment to submit applications. However, in December 2024, the Spanish government extended the deadline until October 21, 2025. This means that all applicants must submit their request before this date.
Key Considerations for Colombian Applicants
• Dual Nationality: Spain and Colombia allow dual citizenship, meaning Colombians do not need to renounce their Colombian nationality upon acquiring Spanish nationality. • Exam Exemption: Unlike standard nationality applications, this process does not require passing the CCSE and DELE exams. • Legal Assistance: Due to the complexity of gathering and verifying documents, consulting an immigration lawyer is advisable.
Advantages of Obtaining Spanish Nationality
Gaining Spanish nationality under the Democratic Memory Law offers: Freedom to live, work, and study anywhere in the European Union. Access to European healthcare, education, and social security benefits. Ability to apply for Spanish passports, one of the most powerful in the world. Voting rights in Spanish and European elections.
If you are Colombian and believe you qualify under the Democratic Memory Law, don’t miss this historic opportunity. The application deadline is October 21, 2025. To ensure a smooth process, gathering documents early and seeking expert legal guidance is highly recommended. At LS Consulting, we specialize in helping applicants successfully obtain Spanish nationality. Contact us today for a personalized consultation and start your journey toward European citizenship!
Sources
• Ministry of Justice of Spain – Democratic Memory Law • Consulate General of Spain in Miami – Spanish Nationality under the Democratic Memory Law • El País – How Descendants of Spanish Exiles Can Apply for Nationality